Underwater communication is often limited to hand signals. Some divers also use slates or wet notes to write messages. Hand signs vary by region, training, and diver. Review the signs you plan to use with a buddy before you go diving to make sure you can understand each other.
To confirm that you have understood a hand sign, repeat it back to the sender. This is called close loop communication. For example if one diver signs "I have 2,300 PSI" by signing a 2 followed by a 3, the diver's buddy can respond with the same signs: a 2 followed by a 3 to confirm they received the message and understood. If instead the buddy responds with a sign like "OK" it is not clear whether they saw or understood the sign.
Sign much slower than you think you need to. Slow signs are easier to understand. Consider whether your sign can be seen. If you are wearing black gloves and have a black drysuit and the visibility is hazy, then hold your hand out to the side where it will contrast with the water. Use a flashlight to illuminate your sign when it is dark.
This is used as both a question and answer. "Are you OK?" "Yes, I am OK"
Follow this sign by pointing to what is wrong - such as a piece of equipment or an ear you cannot equalize.
Waving both arms at the surface. If you have an SMB or DSMB wave that too.
Learn to sign digits with one hand. It is useful when your other hand is occupied. It also allows you to shine a flashlight on your sign with your other hand, so your sign can be seen at night or in dark conditions.
Sign digits 1-5 with your finger(s) pointed vertically upward and the palm-side of your hand facing your buddy.
Sign digits 6-9 with your finger(s) facing horizontally across your body and with the back of your hand facing your buddy.
Learn to sign digits with one hand. It is useful when your other hand is occupied. It also allows you to shine a flashlight on your sign with your other hand, so your sign can be seen at night or in dark conditions.
Sign digits 1-5 with your finger(s) pointed vertically upward and the palm-side of your hand facing your buddy.
Sign digits 6-9 with your finger(s) facing horizontally across your body and with the back of your hand facing your buddy.
Learn to sign digits with one hand. It is useful when your other hand is occupied. It also allows you to shine a flashlight on your sign with your other hand, so your sign can be seen at night or in dark conditions.
Sign digits 1-5 with your finger(s) pointed vertically upward and the palm-side of your hand facing your buddy.
Sign digits 6-9 with your finger(s) facing horizontally across your body and with the back of your hand facing your buddy.
Learn to sign digits with one hand. It is useful when your other hand is occupied. It also allows you to shine a flashlight on your sign with your other hand, so your sign can be seen at night or in dark conditions.
Sign digits 1-5 with your finger(s) pointed vertically upward and the palm-side of your hand facing your buddy.
Sign digits 6-9 with your finger(s) facing horizontally across your body and with the back of your hand facing your buddy.
Learn to sign digits with one hand. It is useful when your other hand is occupied. It also allows you to shine a flashlight on your sign with your other hand, so your sign can be seen at night or in dark conditions.
Sign digits 1-5 with your finger(s) pointed vertically upward and the palm-side of your hand facing your buddy.
Sign digits 6-9 with your finger(s) facing horizontally across your body and with the back of your hand facing your buddy.
Learn to sign digits with one hand. It is useful when your other hand is occupied. It also allows you to shine a flashlight on your sign with your other hand, so your sign can be seen at night or in dark conditions.
Sign digits 1-5 with your finger(s) pointed vertically upward and the palm-side of your hand facing your buddy.
Sign digits 6-9 with your finger(s) facing horizontally across your body and with the back of your hand facing your buddy.
Learn to sign digits with one hand. It is useful when your other hand is occupied. It also allows you to shine a flashlight on your sign with your other hand, so your sign can be seen at night or in dark conditions.
Sign digits 1-5 with your finger(s) pointed vertically upward and the palm-side of your hand facing your buddy.
Sign digits 6-9 with your finger(s) facing horizontally across your body and with the back of your hand facing your buddy.
Learn to sign digits with one hand. It is useful when your other hand is occupied. It also allows you to shine a flashlight on your sign with your other hand, so your sign can be seen at night or in dark conditions.
Sign digits 1-5 with your finger(s) pointed vertically upward and the palm-side of your hand facing your buddy.
Sign digits 6-9 with your finger(s) facing horizontally across your body and with the back of your hand facing your buddy.
Learn to sign digits with one hand. It is useful when your other hand is occupied. It also allows you to shine a flashlight on your sign with your other hand, so your sign can be seen at night or in dark conditions.
Sign digits 1-5 with your finger(s) pointed vertically upward and the palm-side of your hand facing your buddy.
Sign digits 6-9 with your finger(s) facing horizontally across your body and with the back of your hand facing your buddy.
Learn to sign digits with one hand. It is useful when your other hand is occupied. It also allows you to shine a flashlight on your sign with your other hand, so your sign can be seen at night or in dark conditions.
Sign digits 1-5 with your finger(s) pointed vertically upward and the palm-side of your hand facing your buddy.
Sign digits 6-9 with your finger(s) facing horizontally across your body and with the back of your hand facing your buddy.
This is used to signal you want to end or "thumb" the dive and start your final ascent to the surface. It does not mean things are awesome! For ascending a little bit (and continuing the dive) you can follow this sign by "a little bit" or better yet, use the ascend to a higher depth sign.
This sign can be used to indicate you want someone to use a compass, or you are asking which compass direction you should go.
We hover when we are neutrally buoyant - neither rising nor falling in the water column. This is a skill you will practice in a scuba class, but it is also how we should always dive. If someone asks you to hover, they are asking you to add or remove gas from your BC, drysuit, and lungs until you can float like a fish - neither sinking nor falling.
Use this to indicate someone should re-unite with their buddy, or move closer to their buddy.
This means you should use the deflator button, usually at the very top of your BCD hose, to let some gas out. This sign is often given to help arrest an ascent if you are becoming too buoyant.
This sign indicates you should roll your body, or anle upwards so your left shoulder vent is the highest point which will allow it to vent gas. This sign is often given to help arrest an ascent if you are becoming too buoyant.
This sign can be used to remind you to breathe out - often to help arrest an ascent if you are becoming too buoyant. Breathing out deeply is ofte the fastest way to correct your buoyancy if you become too floaty. After you breathe out, then you have time to adjust your BC and/or drysuit.
If you are too negative, you may be asked to add a puff of air to your BC or wing by pressing the power inflate button. Usually that button is lower on the BC.
If you are horizontal, slightly head down, or head down, the best way to vent air from your BC may be to use your hip dump since air will rise. Venting from your hose will not work if your rear end is higher than your shoulders.
"I'm going to take a picture" or "Please take a picture".
"What is your cylinder gas pressure?" "My gas pressure is....."
When answering this question in PSI in the US, it is common to respond with the hundreds digits only - we don't need to be precise, we just need to know if we have enough gas to continue the dive as planned.
Thus, 2,350 PSI is signed as "two" then "three". Omit the ten's and one's place digits. 800 PSI would be signed as just "eight".
Level off and stop and this depth.
This sign combines the signs for "level off" and "three" to indicate that we are going to "level off for three minutes" for our safety stop (or 5 if that is your preferred duration).
Use this to refer to your DSMB or indicate that you are going to launch it. It is a best practice to have your buddy watch you deploy the DSMB to help ensure that you don't entangle yourself (or them) in the line and that should any issue arise they are ready to respond and help.
Often used to indicate that a diver is done with a safety stop, decompression stop, or other underwater task.
Often used to indicate that you should switch roles, or plan to switch gas sources.